![]() The unit of exposure or “dose” is often in mrems or mSvs (for more info see Stanford’s Radiation Safety Manual). ![]() We are also exposed through some medical treatments and through activities involving radioactive material.Īnnual background radiation is often used as a “baseline” exposure to compare occupational exposures (or even diagnostic imaging exposures such as chest x-rays) to what we are naturally exposed to in our everyday environment.īackground radiation consists of the radiation exposures received from both natural and man-made sources. People are constantly exposed to small amounts of ionizing radiation from the environment as they carry out their normal daily activities this is known as background radiation. Examples of non-ionizing radiation exposures in the clinical setting include Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and LASERS. This is the type of radiation that people usually think of as “radiation.” These properties are taken advantage of in diagnostic imaging and to kill cancer cells.Įxamples of ionizing radiation uses are fluoroscopes, CT scanners and nuclear medicine bone scans. Radiation that falls within the “ionizing radiation” range has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus creating ions. Radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as “non-ionizing radiation.” Examples of this kind of radiation are sound waves, visible light, and microwaves. Not all radiation interacts with matter in the same way. Last updated: JRadiation Protection Guidance For Hospital StaffĢ Introduction to Radiation Exposure 2.1 Types of Radiation Ionizing versus Nonionizingīecause health physics supports the uses of ionizing radiation it is helpful to discuss the reasons why this type of radiation is important. The Radiation Safety Officer is responsible for managing the radiation safety program subject to the approval of the Administrative Panel on Radiological Safety, and is authorized to take whatever steps are necessary to control and mitigate hazards in emergency situations.Ĭonsult with the Radiation Safety Officer at (650) 723-3201 for specific information. Our goal is to afford users as much flexibility as is safe and consistent with our policy of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) below the limits provided in the regulations. ![]() This guidance document provides an orientation on ionizing radiation, and describes radiation safety procedures we have implemented to ensure a safe environment for our patients and students, the public, and ourselves. Failure of any individual to comply with requirements can jeopardize the investigation, the laboratory, and the institution. All individuals who work with radioactive materials or radiation devices are responsible for knowing and adhering to applicable requirements. Published by Elsevier B.V.The privilege to use ionizing radiation at Stanford University, Stanford Health Care, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System requires each individual user to strictly adhere to federal and state regulations and local policy and procedures. Interventional radiology Radiation protection Radiation-absorbing pad.Ĭopyright © 2020. ![]() The addition of a radiation-absorbing pad to the standard protection means results in a significant dose reduction for the operator, particularly for upper body parts. At the height of 165 cm the radiation-absorbing pad with a lead equivalence of 0.5 mm showed a significant radiation dose reduction (51.4 %, p < 0.01) in comparison to a lead equivalence of 0.25 mm. For all measurements a mobile acrylic shield and an under-table lead curtain was used.Īt all operator heights from 100 to 165 cm a significant radiation dose reduction of up to 80.6 % (p < 0.01) using the radiation-absorbing pad was measured, when compared to no radiation-absorbing pad. Measurements were carried out with and without radiation-absorbing pads with lead equivalents of 0.25 and 0.5 mm placed onto the scattering body. An ionization chamber was used to measure the radiation exposure at five different heights of a simulated operator during a simulated transfemoral angiography intervention. The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a new reusable radiation-absorbing pad at its origin in an experimental setup.Īll measurements were carried out using a clinical angiography system with a standardized fluoroscopy protocol, different C-arm angulations and an anthropomorphic torso phantom as a scattering body. ![]() Radiation-absorbing pads are an additional possibility to reduce scattered radiation at its source. ![]()
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